ENGLISH BUSSINESS NOUN CLAUSE

ENGLISH BUSSINESS

NOUN CLAUSE

Compiled by:

ALVITA FABIOLA APRILIA (2021664)

ANDHIKA (20216761)

IRMA LAURA SIREGAR (28216225)

GUNADARMA UNIVERSITY

2018

Noun Clause

A.   What is a Noun Clause?

A noun clause is a dependent (or subordinate clause) that works as a noun. It can be the subject of a sentence, an object, or a complement. Like all nouns, the purpose of a noun clause is to name a person, place, thing, or idea. Sometimes when we want to name something, a single word won’t do – sometimes we need a group of words to name something. That is why we use noun clauses.

B.   Parts of a Noun Clause

Remember, because a noun clause is a clause, you should be able to find both a subject and a verb. Let’s do a quick review of these two important terms. (The noun clauses are underlined.)

1.      Subject

A subject is what the clause or sentence is about. The subject is often (but not always) the thing performing the action of the verb.

Example 1

What Peter loves most about reading mysteries is how the authors leave clues for careful readers.
In this example, the first clause is about Peter, and the second clause is about authors.

Example 2

Whoever spilled the milk should clean it up.
In this example, the sentence is about ‘whoever’.

2.      Verb

A verb is an action word, or a state-of-being word.

Example 1

Morning time is when I feel most energetic.
In this example, ‘feel’ is the action word in the sentence.

Example 2

You may take whichever cookie you want.
In this example, ‘may take’ and ‘want’ are action words.

3.     Types of Noun Clauses

Let’s take a look at how noun clauses are used.

1.     Noun Clauses as Subjects

Since a noun clause is a noun, it can function as a subject of a sentence. Here are a few noun clause sentences where the noun clause is the subject of the sentence.

Whoever leaves last should turn off the lights.

In this example, the sentence is about ‘whoever leaves last’. ‘Whoever leaves last’ is also the person performing the action of turning off the lights. Therefore, the noun clause is the subject of the sentence.

2.     Noun Clauses as Objects

Objects are words that ‘receive’ another part of a sentence. There are three types of objects.

• Direct objects – receive the action of the verb.
• Indirect objects – receive direct objects.
• Objects of prepositions – receive prepositions.

Example 1

My dog will eat whatever food I give him.

Here, the noun clause receives the action of the verb ‘eat’ so it is a direct object. It answers the question, “eat what?”

Example 2

The judges will award whichever painting they like the most the blue ribbon.

 clause is receiving the direct object ‘blue ribbon’. (‘Blue ribbon’ is the direct object because it is receiving the verb ‘award’.)

Example 3

I want to play with whoever is a good sport.

In this case, the noun clause is receiving the preposition ‘with’.

3.     Noun Clauses as Compliments

A compliment re-states or gives more information about a noun. It always follows a state-of-being verb (is, are, am, will be, was, were).

Example 1

The winner will be whoever gets the most votes.

The noun clause here is a complement because it gives more information about ‘winner’.

Example 2 

My hope is that everyone here becomes friends.

Here, the noun clause is a complement because it tells more about ‘hope’

4.     How to write Noun Clauses

Noun clauses always begin with certain words.
The most common of these words are words that we also use to form questions:

• Who
• What
• Why
• Where
• When

We can also begin noun clauses with pronouns:

• Which
• That
• Whoever
• Whatever
• Wherever
• Whenever

However, it is essential to understand that just because you see one of these words does not mean that the word is automatically beginning a noun clause. When identifying the type of a given clause, be careful that you look at its function, not just the words. A clause beginning with the same words as a noun clause may have a different function.

Example 1

• Where I come from is not important.
• The town where I come from is famous for its pizza.

In example (a) we have a noun clause. The function of the clause is to name the subject of the sentence. On the other hand, in example (b) we have an adjective clause. The function here is to describe ‘the town’.

Example 2

This pair of examples shows how the function of a clause determines what type of clause it is:

• I know who the man is interviewing. Where the man works is down the street.
• My cousin, who the man is interviewing, is applying for a job where the man works.

In this pair of examples, we have two clauses to look at. In example (a) we have a noun clause functioning as a direct object, and a noun clause that is a subject. In example (b), the first clause is an adjective clause modifying ‘cousin’, and the second clause is an adverb clause modifying ‘applying’.
So, it is important when writing noun clauses that you not only pay attention to the words in the clause, but also how the clause functions!

• A few more points about writing noun clauses:
• Remember, noun clauses are dependent (subordinate) clauses. Therefore, they cannot be a sentence on their own.
• Noun clauses will always need to be in a sentence with an independent clause. A sentence without an independent clause is an incomplete sentence – a sentence fragment!

 

C.   NOUN CLAUSE EXAMPLE

1.      Example noun clause as the subject of the sentence:

·  What she said was true.
·   When the actor saves the actress from the accident is the most  touching scene.

·   What caused the accident was the chef’s carelessness.

·   How that little kid finished the puzzle was quite confusing.
·   Why they ran away from Lisa is still a question for me.

2.      Example noun clause as a sentence object:
·  I do not know whether Lisa will come or not.
·   Robby believes that her mother will recover from her disease.
·   I want to know how Kevin finished this puzzle.
·   Henry did not know what he will cook for dinner.

3.      Example noun clause as a subject complement:

·  Nina’s biggest mistake was that she accepted the bribe cash.
·   The question is how those kids can finish all of these foods in 30 minutes.
·   This place will be where we spend our holiday at.

·   Those equipments are what we need to bring.

·  The loser will be whoever get pointed by this bottle.

EXERCISE

1.      It is important. . . everyone should join this project
a. that
b. what
c. if
d. how
jawaban yang paling tepat untuk pertanyaan diatas adalah (a)

2.      You can go . . . you don’t like to being here
a. that
b. what
c. if
d. whether
jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (c)

3.      I don’t know. . . she is doing

a. if

b. what

c. how

d. whether

jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (b)

4.  I don’t care . . . he is going to stay or leave now

     a. how

     b. that

     c. whether

     d. does

     jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (c)

5.  I don’t know . . .  you are

     a. do

     b. who

     c. if

     d. that

     jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (b)

6.  I could hear. . . he said

     a. that

     b. if

     c. how

     d. what

     jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (d)

7.  I don’t know. . . lives there

     a. who

     b. that

     c. if

     d. whom

     jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (a)

8.  I don’t know . . . he needs help

     a. what

     b. that

     c. if

     d. why

     jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (c)

9.  Please tell me Roy, . . . makes you angry

     a. what

     b. if

     c. that

     d. whom

     jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (a)

10. . . .  she does is not your business

     a. when

     b. whom

     c. where

     d. what

     jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (d)

11. My Uncle never tells you. . . . his code number

     a. what

     b. when

     c. who

     d. whether

     jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (a)

12. Don’t tell her . . .  when she comes

     a. where

     b. when

     c. who

     d. whom

     jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (b)

13. I’ll give you something . . . you are birthday

     a. what

b. who

c. when

d. where

jawaban yang paling benar adalah (c)

14. Don’t ask me . . . I can’t do like that

     a. do

     b. then

     c. if

     d. why

     jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (d)

15. . . .  Doni did it was not a fake

     a. if

     b. what

     c. who

     d. does

     jawaban yang paling benar adalah (b)

16. Tell me Ferguso, . . . you ate my noodle

     a. what

     b. who

     c. why

     d. do

     jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (c)

17. He is the person. . . i met at bar

     a. whom

     b. what

     c. if

     d. that

     jawaban yang paling benar adalah (a)

18. I swear. . . . I’ll love you, Endah

     a. why

     b. that

     c. whether

     d. what

     jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (b)

19. I don’t  know . . .  you love me, Endah

     a. what

     b. that

     c. if

     d. who

     jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (c)

20. The fact. . . . Endah always gives me lunch everyday

     a. that

     b. where

     c. who

     d. how

     jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (a)

      

ENGLISH BUSSINESS ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

ENGLISH BUSSINESS

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

Compiled by:

ALVITA FABIOLA APRILIA (2021664)

ANDHIKA (20216761)

IRMA LAURA SIREGAR (28216225)

GUNADARMA UNIVERSITY

2018

      WHAT IS AN ADJECTIVE CLAUSE ?

Adjective Clause is used as dependent clauses to modify nouns, that adjective clause does what adjective do to nouns.

The word of Adjective has another meaning as Swan (1998:15) said,”Adjective is used to describe people, events, etc. adjective is also used in connection with nouns and pronouns. It is clear that adjective modifies nouns of pronouns.its most usual position is before the noun or pronoun it modifies, but it also fills other position as well.”

Not only adjective word has a special meaning, but also ‘clause’ has a special meaning, too. Clause can be a component of a complex sentence with its own subject and predicate. It means that clause has a subject and predicate. Both clauses and sentences have the same basic characteristic, but it doesn’t mean the two of them don’t have differences. A sentence may consists more clauses, however, the clause itself cannot any sentence. A sentence may stand itself, but clause can’t stand by itself.

Adjective Clause describes the preceeding nouns in such ways to distinguish it from other noun in the same class. Quoted by Frank (1972:279) in an adjective clause full of subject and predicate which is changed by means of special introductory word subordinate the adjective clause a main clause.

      WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF ADJECTIVE CLAUSE ?

Quoted by Hartono (1987:9) says that adjective clause is used to modifya noun or pronoun. Adjective clauses are dependent clauses that consists of a relative pronoun followed by a clause and that perform adjective clause. These are four function of adjective clause:

1.      Adjective Clause as Noun Phrase Modifiers.

The first grammatical function that adjective clauses perform is the noun phrase modifier. A noun phrase modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that modifies or describes a noun including a pronoun or a noun phrase. For example:

·         King Ragnar is the king who died in the war.

·         The song you sang yesterday sounds nice.

·         The shoes that you ordered will be arriving this afternoon.

2.      Adjective Clause as Verb Phrase Modifiers.

A verb phrase modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that modifies or describes a verb phrase.  Adjective clauses modify only verb phrases in the form of present participles performing nominal functions. Only which adjective clauses function as verb phrase modifiers. For example:

·         Travelling, which is one of my favourite hobby makes me feel alive.

·         I’d love watching History channel, which shows the historical movies and series.

·         I am taking care my garden, which I always do in the morning.

3.      Adjective Clause as Prepositional Phrase Modifiers.

A prepositional phrase modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that modifies or  describes a prepositional phrase.  Adjective clauses modify only prepositional phrases performing nominal functions. Only which adjective clauses function as prepositional phrase modifiers. For example:

·         In my bedroom, where I write poems every single night.

·         Behind my backyard, which no lights, my sister screamed.

·         Between seven and nine, which daddy will come home after working.

4.      Adjective Clause as Noun Clause Modifiers.

A noun clause modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that modifies or describes a noun clause. Only which adjective clauses function as noun clause modifiers. For Example:

·         That she worked hard for the whole term, which still amazes me, pleased her parents.

·         For you to not graduate from college now, which would be such as shame, is out of the question.

      ADJECTIVE CLAUSE FORMULA

An adjective clause will meet three requirements, there are:

• First, it will contain a subject and verb.
• Next, it will begin with a relative pronoun [who, whom, whose, that, or which] or a relative adverb [when, where, or why].
• Finally, it will function as an adjective, answering the questions What kind?How many? or Which one?

The adjective clause will follow one of these two patterns:

Relative Pronoun or Adverb + Subject + Verb

Relative Pronoun as Subject + Verb

There are examples for adjective pronouns:

·         We bought the streo that had been at a reduced price

·         The man who is in this room is kind

·         Savira is the girl whom I don’t like in the class

·         My car, which is very large, uses too much gasoline

Now, let’s have some practice!

                               I.            Change these sentences into adjective clause!

1.      Q: Samuel got a new car. It is expensive.

A: Samuel got a new car that is expensive.

2.      Q: The students forget to do homeworks. In English class.

A: The students forget to do homeworks which are in English class.

3.      Q: I met a guy last night. Ahmed is a guy

A: Ahmed is a guy whom I met last night.

4.      Q: Kensha bought a camera. The camera has three lenses.

A: Kensha bought a camera which has three lenses.

5.      Q: This is a book. I have been looking for this book.

A: This is a book that I’ve been looking for.

6.      Q: I met Maria. Maria and I met in church.

A: I met Maria where we were in church.

7.      Q: Annie is the woman. Annie is going to Scotland next month.

A: Annie is the woman whose going to Scotland next month.

8.      Q: Leo will celebrate his birthday. His birthday is on 7^th of July.

A: Leo will celebrate his birthday which is on July 7^th.

                            II.            Fill in the blank!

1.      Dr. James is the only doctor whom I have seen in the hospital.

2.      Hurricanes that are born off the coast of Africa often prove to be the most deadly.

3.      This is the book thatI bought in the bookstore.

4.      The dentist is with a child whose teeth are causing some problems.

5.      The girl whom I talked to last night is Cindy.

6.      The government makes a new regulation for riding a bike which is reduce the infaction.

7.      I live in apartment that have a small room to relax.

8.      We saw the woman at grocery who lives next door to us.

                         III.            Combine the following individual sentences!

1.      Q: The last record (the record was produced by this company) became a gold record.

A: The last record that was produced by this company became a gold record.

2.      Q: Checking accounts (the checking accounts require a minimum balance) are very common now.

A: Checking accounts that require a minimum balance are very common now.

3.      Q: This book (I found the book last week) contains some useful information.

A: This book which I found last week contains some useful information.

4.      Q: The professor (you spoke to the professor yesterday) is not here today.

A: The professor who you spoke yesterday is not here today.

SOURCES:

1.      http://www.academia.edu/34565009/JOURNAL_2015_-_THE_MASTERY_OF_ADJECTIVE_CLAUSES_BY_THE_SECOND_YEAR_SENIOR_HIGH_SCHOOL_STUDENTS_Case_Study_SMA_Alwashliyah_Medan_

2.      https://parentingpatch.com/grammatical-functions-english-adjective-clauses/

3.      CLIFFS TOEFL PREPARATION GUIDE BOOK